A Study of Tian (沺) and Fu (傅) Based on Yisa Yifu (一沺一傅) in Medical Scripts of the Beijing University Collection (In Chinese)

北京大學於2009年入藏一批西漢竹簡，當中醫簡711枚，內容大致分為「醫方目錄」、「醫方甲」、「醫方乙」和「醫經」四類，相關資料可參見李家浩、楊澤生〈北京大學藏漢代醫簡簡介〉一文（《文物》2011年6期）。根據整理者公佈之圖版可知，北大簡第2870簡記有古醫方「秦氏方」，簡文云：「一沺一傅，它惡傷亦可。　　．秦氏方。」「秦氏」之名亦見《史記．扁鵲列傳》：「扁鵲者……，姓秦氏，名越人。」因此，過去嘗有學者認為「秦氏」有可能是戰國時期之神醫扁鵲。「一沺一傅」，「沺」於經傳中鮮見，疑應「洒」之誤，具「洗」義。「傅」則屢見於簡帛醫藥文獻中，有「塗抹」之意。在馬王堆漢墓醫書中，「洒」及「傅」二詞經常相連出現，例如〈五十二病方．白處方〉云：「二日，洒，以新布孰暨（摡）之，【復】傅。」又〈雎（疽）病〉云：「日一【傅】樂（藥），【傅】樂（藥）前洒以溫水。」「洒」及「傅」應是古代常見之治療方法。本文擬先借助北大簡「秦氏方」中「一沺一傅」之記述，對「沺」與「洒」之關係作出釐清，然後再結合簡帛醫藥文獻中「洒」及「傅（敷）」之記載，期望能對兩者之性質及應用情況作更進一步之討論。 The Western Han bamboo manuscripts acquired by the Beijing University in 2009 comprise of 711 medical scripts with four categories, namely yifang mulu (醫方目錄), yifang jia (醫方甲), yifang yi (醫方乙) and yijing (醫經). Its reference materials could be found in 'An introduction to the Han medical bamboo scripts of the Beijing University Collection' co-authored by Li Jiahao and Yang Zesheng published in 'Wenwu' (《文物》) issue 6, 2011. According to the pictures provided by collators, bamboo script no. 2870 gives an account of the ancient medical prescription Qinshi Fang (秦氏方), stating that '一沺一傅，它惡傷亦可。 ．秦氏方。'. As the name Qinshi could also be found in 'Bianque Liezhuan' (扁鵲列傳) of 'Shiji'(《史記》), scholars therefore considered Qinshi should probably be the ancient doctor Bianque of the Warring States Period.The character tian (沺) in yisa yifu (一沺一傅) is rarely seen in ancient texts. This article thus suggested tian may be a miswrite of sa (洒) with the meaning of 'washing', while fu, commonly found in bamboo and silk medical scripts, should mean 'rubbing'. Jointly-used examples of sa and fu appeared in medical manuscripts of the Mawangdui Han Silk frequently, revealing that both sa and fu should be usual methods of treatment in ancient times. The objectives of this article were to clarify the relationship of the characters tian (沺) and sa (洒) in medical scripts from the Beijing University Collection, and then to conduct a detailed study on the nature and application of sa (洒) and fu (傅) by referring to related narrations in the excavated bamboo and silk medical documents

談上博簡《鬼神之明》的學派問題

Guishen zhi Ming ( 鬼神之明) is a section of the published Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum Collection, which primarily addressed the issue of what the ghosts and deities known and unknown. In terms of its school, some scholar classified it as Mohist work, while some others disagree with that. This article argues that although the bamboo slips mentioned that the ghosts and deities have something they do not know, but the essential thought of this whole section differs from contemporary Confucianism, and have some similarities with the Mohist doctrine. In addition, the logic of this section is also consonant to the theory of Mohist Canons. 《鬼神之明》刊载于上博简第五册，主要讨论鬼神“有所明”与“有所不明”的问题。自竹书发表后，不少学者曾就其学术派别的问题作出论述，当中有认为《鬼神之明》为墨学作品，但亦有持反对意见，以为竹书是反墨、墨学异端甚或是儒学之作。本文透过《鬼神之明》内容的剖析，指出篇中虽然提及鬼神“有所不明”之说，但所反映的思想在本质上实与春秋战国时期儒家的鬼神观有所不同，且部分更与墨家有暗合之处。此外，本文通过篇中思维方式与《墨经》逻辑学说的相参照，提出两者实有不少可比观的地方

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Observing object lifting errors modulates cortico-spinal excitability and improves object lifting performance.

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